REMINDER: All investment, economics, and finance related material now appears at the new IaconoResearch.com. For the time being at least, this has become a personal blog covering a variety of mostly unrelated topics.

Grantham, Shakespeare on Debt

As always, Jeremy Grantham’s quarterly investment letter(.pdf) is well worth reading, a good portion of it taking up the issue of how capitalism has failed us and another recounting GMO’s surprisingly good market calls over the years, but item number two in the section on investment advice was what grabbed my attention:

“Neither a lender nor a borrower be.” If you borrow to invest, it will interfere with your survivability. Unleveraged portfolios cannot be stopped out, leveraged portfolios can. Leverage reduces the investor’s critical asset: patience. (To digress, excessive borrowing has turned out to be an even bigger curse than Polonius could have known. It encourages financial aggressiveness, recklessness, and greed. It increases your returns over and over until, suddenly, it ruins you. For individuals, it allows you to have today what you really can’t afford until tomorrow. It has proven to be so seductive that individuals en masse have shown themselves incapable of resisting it, as if it were a drug. Governments also, from the Middle Ages onwards and especially now, it seems, have proven themselves equally incapable of resistance. Any sane society must recognize the lure of debt and pass laws accordingly. Interest payments must absolutely not be tax deductible or preferred in any way. Governments must apparently be treated like Polonius’s children and given limits. By law, cumulative government debt should be given a sensible limit of, say, 50% of GDP, with current transgressions given 10 or 20 years to be corrected.)

In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, it was Polonius who said, “Neither a borrower nor a lender be”, words of wisdom that seem to have gone out of fashion over the last thirty years or so but that now seem to be making a strong comeback.

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The Reuters/University of Michigan consumer sentiment index plunged from 63.7 in July to 54.9 in the first of two readings for August as the debt ceiling debate, U.S. and European credit concerns, and tumbling stock prices drove the index to its lowest level since 1980.

As shown below, during the worst of the financial crisis in November of 2008, this index fell only as far as 55.3, so, along with renewed volatility on Wall Street, count this as another indication that the months ahead could be perilous.

The expectations component dropped from 56.0 in July to a near-record low of 45.7 in August and the gauge of current economic conditions fell from 75.8 to 69.3. Moderating gasoline prices saw inflation fears easing, the one-year outlook for consumer prices steady at 3.4 percent while five-year inflation was seen at 2.9 percent.

Coming on the heels of this morning’s better than expected report on retail sales last month, you can’t help but wonder if Americans have decided to adopt the attitude of “Eat, drink, and be merry, for tomorrow we may die”.

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The Commerce Department reported(.pdf) that, after the slowest three months of spending in almost a year, Americans pulled out their wallets again in July and pushed retail sales up by 0.5 percent in gains that were broad-based.

Paced by gasoline station sales that rose 24 percent, overall sales were up 8.5 percent on a year-over-year basis in a data series adjusted for seasonal variations, but not inflation.

Auto sales rose 0.4 percent in July after a gain of 0.7 percent in June, continuing to rebound after supply disruptions in Japan during the spring. Excluding autos, sales were 0.5 percent higher last month after an upwardly revised gain of 0.2 percent the month before.

Despite moderating prices, gasoline sales rose 1.6 percent in July after dropping 1.7 percent in June and sales excluding both autos and gasoline rose 0.3 percent after a gain of 0.5 percent.

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What’s not surprising about this CNBC poll is that more Americans are more pessimistic about the U.S. economy, but, what is surprising is how they’ve defined “wealthy”.

Nearly two-thirds of the nation (63 percent) is pessimistic about the current state of the economy and its future, with just 6 percent optimistic about both. The attitudes of wealthier Americans—those with incomes greater than $75,000 or more than $50,000 invested in the stock market—are now in line or even more downbeat than the nation as a whole.

Just 26 percent of Americans with incomes above $75,000 believe the economy will get better in the next year, four points below the national average. In December, it was five points above. For the first time in the survey’s five-year history less than half of those with $50,000 or more in stocks think it’s a good time to invest in the market.

Over the next year, most Americans think home prices will fall and wages will drop as they spend less, save less, and drive less while the number of these “wealthy” individuals using credit cards to help make ends meet almost doubled from 12 percent to 20 percent.

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What is wrong with the U.S. economy can be easily surmised from reading the opening paragraphs in this story from the Associated Press, however, to most, this merely passes as conventional wisdom, wisdom that few realize is often wrong.

Stocks are shaking off a two-week slump after a report on retail sales wasn’t as bad as economists had predicted.

The Dow Jones industrial average, the Standard & Poor’s 500 index and the Nasdaq composite index are all on track to have their best day so far in June.

The government said Tuesday that retail sales edged down 0.2 percent last month, the first decline in nearly a year. That was slightly better than analysts were expecting. Americans bought fewer cars during the month, but the decline reflected temporary supply chain disruptions caused by the earthquake and tsunami disaster in Japan. Excluding weak car sales, retail sales rose 0.3 percent.

The good news is the consumer is hanging in there,” said Rob Lutts, president and chief investment officer of Cabot Money Management.

At some point in the future, historians will marvel at how ordinary Americans watched the stock market go up and down – cheering its rise along with the mainstream financial media and lamenting its fall – in the mistaken belief that their economic well-being was somehow inextricably tied to it … well, it’s not.

Another mistaken belief these days is that, somehow, the over-leveraged U.S. consumer is still the main growth engine for the U.S. economy simply because, during the credit orgy of the last few decades, personal consumption rose to account for 70 percent of the economy.

During that same time, bank shares grew to record levels as a share of total stock market capitalization and, even after the events of the last few years, for some reason, most people think that we’re supposed to just pick up where we left off in 2008.

The era of economic growth fueled by expanding credit and consumer spending is over, yet so few seem to realize it (though another really good asset bubble could forestall a broader realization of this yet again).

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Consumer Confidence Dips in December

From yesterday’s monthly report on consumer confidence via Reuters and the University of Michigan, it looks as though rising stock prices have done about all they can do to lift the mood of the American consumer, a development that bears only a loose correlation to how much money they spend at the end of the year, goaded into action by retailers.

The consumer confidence index fell for the first time in four months, down from 54.3 in November to 52.5 in December, as job worries are hindering confidence if not consumption, holiday sales seeming to set new records every day. Not surprisingly, after rising over the last year, the percentage of respondents planning to buy a home is back to where it was a year ago, that is, when it looked like the housing rebound was more permanent.

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