Jon Hilsenrath files this report in the Wall Street Journal about the deflation that occurred almost 80 years ago in the U.S. and a similar bout of falling prices more recently in Japan.
The old bogeyman of deflation has re-emerged as a worry for the U.S. economy. Here’s something else to fret about: After studying more than a decade of deflation in Japan, economists have slowly realized they have no idea how it works.
Deflation is usually associated with a Great Depression-like drop in demand. Consumer prices, incomes and asset prices fall. Interest rates go to zero, as low as they can go. As prices and incomes fall, the cost to borrowers of servicing debt does not, sucking life out of the economy and pushing prices down further. A bad situation, in short, gets worse.
In 1932, U.S. consumer prices fell 10% and between 1929 and 1933 they fell 27% in all.
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Economists don’t have good answers. “We don’t know how deflation works,” says Adam Posen, a member of the Bank of England’s monetary policy committee who has been studying Japan since 1997. “We don’t have a way of rationalizing steady, several-year flat deflation,” he says.s.
Whatever deflation is or does, Fed Chief Ben Bernanke plans to make sure it doesn’t happen here and, given how he’s managed to crank up the printing press over the last couple years, he should probably be taken at his word.
BTW – That graphic looks to be incorrect as the 1930s deflation is portrayed as a relatively modest affair when there were, in fact, double-digit declines as noted in the report.
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